International Red Cross Museum, Geneva

In 1859 the Geneva businessman Henry Dunant stumbled onto the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino, where 40,000 men lay dead or wounded without care. His book 'A Memory of Solferino' shamed Europe into action, and in 1863 the International Committee of the Red Cross was founded in Geneva, followed by the first Geneva Convention in 1864 protecting the wounded and medics. Dunant won the very first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901. The modern museum in Geneva documents 150 years of humanitarian work amid the horrors of war, from tracing lost prisoners to famine relief.